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NEW DELHI: Muscle weakness in old age may not be just about growing older. It could be linked to changes in gut health, suggests a study from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, pointing to a new way of understanding why many elderly people lose strength and mobility.Published in Geriatrics & Gerontology International, the study led by Sudeep Mathew George and Prasun Chatterjee examined 30 adults above the age of 60 and found that those with sarcopenia—a condition marked by gradual muscle loss—had significantly less diverse gut bacteria, a marker of poorer overall health.Dr Chatterjee, who is Group Clinical Lead, Geriatric Medicine and Longevity Sciences at Apollo Hospitals and former professor at AIIMS, said the condition is far more widespread than commonly understood. “Sarcopenia is far more common than recognised, affecting 30–40% of community-dwelling elderly and driving falls, fractures and loss of independence. There is no definitive treatment yet, but our AIIMS-funded study highlights the gut–muscle axis as a promising path,” he said.The study found that beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus—known to support metabolism and muscle function—were present in lower levels among those with sarcopenia. At the same time, there were shifts in other bacterial groups linked to inflammation, an important driver of muscle breakdown with ageing.“These changes in gut bacteria may influence muscle health through inflammation, metabolism and nutrition,” Dr Chatterjee said, adding that the findings suggest muscle loss in ageing may not be entirely inevitable but partly modifiable through gut health.The findings support the emerging concept of a “gut–muscle axis,” where disruptions in gut microbes may affect muscle strength through immune, metabolic and nutritional pathways. The study also flagged a strong nutrition link. None of the elderly participants with sarcopenia were well nourished, and most were either malnourished or at risk. Dietary patterns differed as well, suggesting a possible role of diet in shaping gut health.Clinically, those with sarcopenia also had significantly lower body mass index, weaker grip strength and slower walking speed—clear indicators of reduced mobility and independence.Researchers cautioned that the study is small and does not establish a causal link. Larger studies are needed. Still, it opens up new possibilities—from improving diet to targeting gut bacteria—as ways to prevent or slow muscle loss in ageing, shifting the focus from inevitability to intervention.
