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Australia’s Tiwi rangers spent two decades fighting invasive fire ants; the island is now declared free of them

Aust alia's Tiwi  a ge s spe t two decades fighti g i vasive fi e a ts; the isla d is  ow decla ed f ee of them

Ove
the
last
two
decades,
i dige ous
a ge s
i
Aust alia’s
Tiwi
Isla ds
have
bee
wo ki g
o
a
e adicatio
a d
co se vatio
effo t
that
was
vital
to
p otect
the
ative
lives
of
the
egio .
Scie tists,
gove me t
acto s,
NGOs
a d
p ivate
e te p ise
all
joi ed
ha ds
to
e adicate
the
i vasive
t opical
fi e
a t
species
f om
Melville
Isla d,
as
they
th eate ed
small
a imals,
vul e able
sea
tu tle
hatchli gs
a d
esti g
bi ds.

A ival
o
la d

A  ival o  la d<b ><b >” msid=”133086621″ width=”” title=”Resea ch suggests that t opical fi e a ts sailed ac oss the Pacific Ocea , joi i g Eu opea s ove  the ce tu ies as they la ded a d colo ised la dmasses ac oss the wo ld.” placeholde s c=”https://static.toiimg.com/photo/83033472.cms” imgsize=””  esizemode=”4″ offsetve tical=”0″ placeholde msid=”47529300″ type=”thumb” s c=”https://static.toiimg.com/photo/83033472.cms” class=”” data-s c=”https://static.toiimg.com/photo/msid-133086621/a  ival-o -la db b .jpg” data-api-p e e de =”t ue”/></p>
<p>
Resea ch<br />
suggests<br />
that<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a ts<br />
sailed<br />
ac oss<br />
the<br />
Pacific<br />
Ocea ,<br />
joi i g<br />
Eu opea s<br />
ove<br />
the<br />
ce tu ies<br />
as<br />
they<br />
la ded<br />
a d<br />
colo ised<br />
la dmasses<br />
ac oss<br />
the<br />
wo ld.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>I<br />
the<br />
16th<br />
ce tu y,<br />
whe<br />
Spa ish<br />
sailo s<br />
we e<br />
saili g<br />
f om<br />
the<br />
Ame icas<br />
to<br />
Aust alia,<br />
they<br />
packed<br />
di t<br />
i<br />
the<br />
bottom<br />
of<br />
the<br />
ships<br />
to<br />
stabilise<br />
them.<br />
What<br />
they<br />
we e<br />
u awa e<br />
of<br />
was<br />
that<br />
they<br />
we e<br />
also<br />
helpi g<br />
some<br />
ti y<br />
stowaways<br />
aboa d.<br />
Resea ch<br />
suggests<br />
that<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a ts<br />
sailed<br />
ac oss<br />
the<br />
Pacific<br />
Ocea ,<br />
joi i g<br />
Eu opea s<br />
ove<br />
the<br />
ce tu ies<br />
as<br />
they<br />
la ded<br />
a d<br />
colo ised<br />
la dmasses<br />
ac oss<br />
the<br />
wo ld.I<br />
the<br />
ea ly<br />
2000s,<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a ts<br />
(Sole opsis<br />
gemi ata)<br />
we e<br />
detected<br />
o<br />
Melville<br />
Isla d<br />
i<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Isla ds,<br />
a<br />
pictu esque<br />
a chipelago<br />
off<br />
the<br />
coast<br />
of<br />
Da wi ,<br />
the<br />
capital<br />
of<br />
Aust alia’s<br />
No the<br />
Te  ito y.<br />
Acco di g<br />
to<br />
 esea che s,<br />
they<br />
we e<br />
able<br />
to<br />
flou ish<br />
i<br />
the<br />
 egio<br />
a d<br />
have<br />
si ce<br />
become<br />
 atu alised<br />
i<br />
pa ts<br />
of<br />
the<br />
Aust alia<br />
t opics<br />
so<br />
much<br />
so<br />
that<br />
they<br />
domi ate<br />
the<br />
e vi o me t,<br />
eat<br />
small<br />
mammals<br />
a d<br />
pote tially<br />
dete<br />
 esti g<br />
bi ds.</p>
<p>“The<br />
a ts<br />
have<br />
a<br />
huge<br />
impact<br />
o<br />
 ative<br />
bi ds<br />
a d<br />
a imals<br />
o<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Isla ds,”<br />
said<br />
Sta ley<br />
Tipu gwuti,<br />
a<br />
 a ge<br />
o<br />
the<br />
isla ds<br />
whe e<br />
most<br />
ide tify<br />
as<br />
Abo igi al<br />
o<br />
To  es<br />
St ait<br />
Isla de ,<br />
as<br />
pe<br />
a<br />
 epo t<br />
by<br />
Mo gabay.</p>
<p><h2>
Relievi g<br />
the<br />
 atives</h2>
</p>
<p>Afte<br />
two<br />
decades<br />
of<br />
co siste t<br />
effo t<br />
a d<br />
the<br />
wo k<br />
of<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Ra ge<br />
team,<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a ts<br />
a e<br />
believed<br />
to<br />
be<br />
 o<br />
mo e<br />
o<br />
Me ville<br />
Isla d.<br />
I<br />
2025,<br />
the<br />
species<br />
was<br />
completely<br />
e adicated,<br />
acco di g<br />
to<br />
Be<br />
Hoffma  ,<br />
who<br />
was<br />
pa t<br />
of<br />
the<br />
e adicatio<br />
p og am<br />
f om<br />
its<br />
i ceptio .<br />
That<br />
same<br />
yea ,<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Isla d<br />
Ra ge s<br />
 eceived<br />
the<br />
Te  ito y<br />
I dige ous<br />
Natu al<br />
Resou ce<br />
Ma ageme t<br />
Awa d<br />
i<br />
Da wi<br />
fo<br />
thei<br />
effo ts.He<br />
told<br />
the<br />
outlet<br />
that<br />
the<br />
impacted<br />
a ea<br />
this<br />
p oject<br />
add essed,<br />
at<br />
1,535<br />
hecta es,<br />
is<br />
la ge<br />
eve<br />
o<br />
a<br />
global<br />
scale.<br />
“The e<br />
have<br />
bee<br />
ve y<br />
few<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a t<br />
e adicatio s<br />
a ou d<br />
the<br />
wo ld,<br />
a d<br />
whe<br />
they<br />
have<br />
bee<br />
do e,<br />
they<br />
have<br />
bee<br />
i c edibly<br />
small,<br />
f om<br />
o e<br />
 est<br />
to<br />
o e<br />
hecta e<br />
[2.47<br />
ac es]<br />
o<br />
so,”<br />
he<br />
said.<br />
“Afte<br />
we<br />
bega ,<br />
we<br />
 ealised<br />
we<br />
had<br />
to<br />
cha ge<br />
ou<br />
methods<br />
f om<br />
b oadscale<br />
t eatme t<br />
to<br />
pai staki gly<br />
locati g<br />
i dividual<br />
 ests<br />
a d<br />
poiso i g<br />
them<br />
…<br />
It<br />
is<br />
a<br />
amazi g<br />
feat.”I itially,<br />
the e<br />
was<br />
 o<br />
 a ge<br />
team<br />
i<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Isla ds<br />
at<br />
the<br />
time<br />
of<br />
the<br />
t opical<br />
a t<br />
i cu sio<br />
a d<br />
the<br />
i vasive<br />
species<br />
p oblem<br />
was<br />
add essed<br />
by<br />
the<br />
local<br />
cou cil<br />
a d<br />
housi g<br />
ope atio s.<br />
Howeve ,<br />
th oughout<br />
the<br />
past<br />
two<br />
decades<br />
a d<br />
with<br />
the<br />
assista ce<br />
of<br />
the<br />
gove  me t’s<br />
I dige ous<br />
Ra ge s<br />
P og am,<br />
which<br />
assists<br />
Fi st<br />
Natio s<br />
peoples<br />
i<br />
ma agi g<br />
thei<br />
la ds,<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Ra ge<br />
team<br />
was<br />
bo<br />
a d<br />
g ew.<br />
Ove<br />
time,<br />
mo e<br />
tha<br />
40<br />
 a ge s<br />
we e<br />
i volved<br />
i<br />
ide tifyi g<br />
a d<br />
e adicati g<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a t<br />
sites.<br />
“[The<br />
a ts]<br />
fo m<br />
huge<br />
colo ies<br />
a d<br />
ca<br />
 eally<br />
impact<br />
the<br />
 ative<br />
bi ds,<br />
the<br />
small<br />
mammals<br />
a d<br />
also<br />
sea<br />
tu tle<br />
hatchli gs,”<br />
Tipu gwuti<br />
told<br />
Mo gabay.<br />
“They<br />
ca<br />
do<br />
a<br />
lot<br />
of<br />
damage<br />
a d<br />
they<br />
also<br />
ca<br />
cause<br />
 ed,<br />
itchy<br />
lumps<br />
o<br />
the<br />
ski<br />
if<br />
they<br />
bite<br />
you.<br />
Some<br />
people<br />
ca<br />
have<br />
alle gic<br />
 eactio s<br />
a d<br />
ca<br />
get<br />
sick<br />
ve y<br />
quickly,”<br />
said<br />
Tipu gwuti,<br />
o e<br />
of<br />
the<br />
 a ge s.Studies<br />
o<br />
the<br />
e vi o me tal<br />
impacts<br />
of<br />
the<br />
a ts<br />
i<br />
the<br />
Tiwi<br />
Isla ds<br />
a d<br />
simila<br />
la dscapes<br />
i<br />
Aust alia<br />
a e<br />
few.<br />
What<br />
is<br />
available<br />
shows<br />
that<br />
t opical<br />
fi e<br />
a ts<br />
ta get<br />
a d<br />
attack<br />
the<br />
hatchli gs<br />
of<br />
both<br />
bi ds<br />
a d<br />
 eptiles<br />
whe e<br />
they<br />
have<br />
colo ised<br />
a ou d<br />
the<br />
wo ld.<br />
I<br />
the<br />
Tiwis,<br />
 ewly<br />
hatched<br />
ti y<br />
sea<br />
tu tles<br />
st uggli g<br />
out<br />
of<br />
the<br />
sa d<br />
to<br />
make<br />
thei<br />
way<br />
to<br />
the<br />
ocea<br />
a e<br />
at<br />
 isk,<br />
said<br />
 a ge s.<br />
Each<br />
yea ,<br />
the<br />
isla ds<br />
play<br />
host<br />
to<br />
the<br />
 esti g<br />
of<br />
fou<br />
sea<br />
tu tle<br />
species,<br />
all<br />
of<br />
which<br />
a e<br />
co side ed<br />
e da ge ed<br />
o<br />
vul e able<br />
by<br />
the<br />
Aust alia<br />
gove  me t:<br />
The<br />
olive<br />
 idley<br />
(Lepidochelys<br />
olivacea),<br />
the<br />
g ee<br />
(Chelo ia<br />
mydas),<br />
the<br />
flatback<br />
(Natato<br />
dep essus)<br />
a d<br />
the<br />
hawksbill<br />
(E etmochelys<br />
imb icata).<br />
The<br />
hawksbill,<br />
while<br />
co side ed<br />
vul e able<br />
i<br />
Aust alia,<br />
is<br />
catego ised<br />
as<br />
c itically<br />
e da ge ed<br />
globally<br />
i<br />
the<br />
IUCN<br />
Red<br />
List.</p>
<p><h2>
Combi g<br />
th ough<br />
the<br />
backya ds</h2>
</p>
<div data-pos=
Combi g th ough the backya d

The
a ge
sha ed
that
o e
of
the
key
challe ges
du i g
the
p oject
i volved
locati g
the
a t
ests,
poiso i g
them
with
Amd o,
a
i secticide
bait.

The
a ge
sha ed
that
o e
of
the
key
challe ges
du i g
the
p oject
i volved
locati g
the
a t
ests,
poiso i g
them
with
Amd o,
a
i secticide
bait
a d
the
mo ito i g
sites
to
e su e
the
e adicatio
was
complete.
A
all-commu ity
effo t
was
esse tial,
he
explai ed,
a d
i cluded
i put
f om
the
Tiwi
Pla tatio s
Co po atio ,
the
la gest
I dige ous
ag icultu al
ve tu e
i
o the
Aust alia,
which
is
also
ow ed
by
the
Tiwi
people.The
active
i g edie t
i
Amd o
is
hyd amethyl o ,
which
has
bee
show
to
egatively
affect
othe
i sects,
such
as
cock oaches
if
used
i
a
b oadscale
ma e .
A
2010
study
i
Hawaii
showed
that
use
of
the
poiso
ca
also
lead
to
a
decli e
i
o -ta get
a t
species.
To
mitigate
isk
to
the
wide
ecosystem
i
the
case
of
the
Tiwis,
baits
we e
co ce t ated
i
ce tai
a eas
a d
a ge s
closely
mo ito ed
sites.While
pesticides
like
Amd o
ca
affect
o -ta get
species,
thei
use
i
the
Tiwis
has
bee
at
a
elatively
small
scale,
allowi g
populatio s
of
o -ta get
species
to
ecove .
Mo eove ,
give
that
most
g a ula
bait
was
applied
by
ha d,
the
isk
of
pesticides
e te i g
the
g ou dwate
is
sig ifica tly
educed.Hoffma
said
that
while
i
most
ci cumsta ces
a
p oject
like
this
would
ot
have
bee
achievable,
the e
we e
some
key
eleme ts
that
favou ed
the
Tiwi
p oject.
“The
fi st
thi g
is
that
the
t opical
fi e
a t
fi ds
it
difficult
to
su vive
i
atu al,
o
u distu bed
habitats,”
he
explai ed.
“I
the
case
of
the
Tiwis,
this
mea t
the
focus
was
o
distu bed
a eas,
such
as
a ou d
commu ities
a d
alo g
oadsides.
The
good
thi g
is
that
Melville
Isla d
is
a
la gely
i tact
e vi o me t.“Seco dly,
public
suppo t
mea t
we
could
cove
eve y
squa e
i ch
of
g ou d
fo
yea s.
The e
we e
the
ya ds
of
some
homes
that
we
we t
th ough
up
to
fifty
times,”
Hoffma
said.
“You
eed
a
lot
of
public
goodwill
to
be
able
to
access
people’s
p ope ties
like
this.”Back
o
the
Tiwis,
Tipu gwuti
said
that
the
focus
of
the
ow
15-st o g
a ge
team
is
tu i g
to
othe
fe al
a imals
such
as
pigs
(Sus
domesticus)
a d
cats
(Felis
catus);
both
of
which
have
impacted
ative
species
th ough
p edatio
a d
the
dest uctio
of
habitat.

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