A
simila
va tage
poi t
p e-pa k
co st uctio
a d
a
simila
va tage
poi t
post-pa k
co st uctio
(Sou ce:
Ko gjia
Yu)
I
2010,
Sha ghai
t a sfo med
a
polluted
i dust ial
b ow field
i to
Houta
Pa k.
Its
wetla ds
ow
clea
up
to
634,000
gallo s
of
ive
wate
each
day.
The
14-hecta e
li ea
pa k
st etches
alo g
the
Hua gpu
Rive
a d
was
o ce
home
to
a
steel
facto y,
a
shipya d,
a d
a
heavy
i dust ial
sto age
facility.
Fo
decades,
the
site
was
used
as
a
dumpi g
g ou d
fo
i dust ial
waste
a d
leftove
mate ials.
Secu ity
walls
sepa ated
it
f om
the
su ou di g
city,
while
polluted
u off
flowed
th ough
the
a ea.A
detailed
post-occupa cy
pe fo ma ce
study
by
the
La dscape
A chitectu e
Fou datio
(LAF),
pa t
of
its
La dscape
Pe fo ma ce
Se ies,
shows
how
the
desig
team,
led
by
la dscape
a chitect
D .
Ko gjia
Yu
a d
his
fi m
Tu e scape,
completely
eshaped
the
site.
I stead
of
usi g
e e gy-i te sive
chemical
t eatme t
pla ts
o
t aditio al
co c ete
pipes,
the
team
c eated
a
livi g
biological
filte .
The
multi-stage
wetla d
takes
aw,
highly
polluted
G ade
V
ive
wate ,
the
lowest
quality
level
u de
Chi a’s
atio al
sta da ds
a d
completely
u safe
fo
huma
co tact
a d
imp oves
it
to
G ade
II
quality.
This
makes
the
wate
suitable
fo
la dscape
i igatio
a d
wate
featu es.
The
site
was
fi st
developed
as
a
g ee
space
a d
majo
pedest ia
oute
fo
the
2010
Sha ghai
Wo ld
Expo,
welcomi g
oughly
590,500
visito s
du i g
the
eve t.
Afte
the
Expo
e ded,
the
pa k
became
a
pe ma e t
pa t
of
the
city’s
public
i f ast uctu e
a d
co ti ued
to
att act
local
eside ts,
egio al
tou ists,
a d
i te atio al
visito s.
How
the
livi g
biofilt atio
cascade
wo ks
The
biological
filt atio
system
is
based
o
a
co ti uous,
1-mile-lo g
a tificial
wetla d
that
u s
th ough
the
ce t e
of
the
pa k.
Wate
is
take
di ectly
f om
the
Hua gpu
Rive
a d
pumped
to
the
highest
poi t
of
the
site.
G avity
the
moves
the
wate
th ough
a
se ies
of
te aced
d ops,
oxyge ati g
cascades,
sa d
beds,
a d
de se
eed
beds
that
help
t ap
suspe ded
solids.Special
aquatic
pla ts
a d
mic oo ga isms
i
the
pla ts’
oot
zo es
abso b
heavy
metals,
it oge ,
a d
phospho us
f om
the
wate .
Oxyge
is
added
atu ally
as
the
wate
flows
ove
sto e
steps
a d
te aced
la dfo ms
i spi ed
by
t aditio al
Chi ese
ag icultu al
la dscapes.
Afte
the
i itial
i take
pump,
the
system
does
ot
eed
chemical
additives
o
moto ized
filt atio
equipme t.Acco di g
to
the
LAF
esea ch
docume tatio ,
the
biological
system
also
p ovides
di ect
eco omic
be efits
to
ea by
mu icipal
developme ts.
The
pa k
supplies
264,000
gallo s
of
t eated
wate
each
day
to
the
po ds,
fou tai s,
a d
st eams
i
the
adjace t
Expo
Pa k.
Usi g
this
biologically
clea ed
wate
saves
$116,800
each
yea
i
mu icipal
tap
wate
costs
that
would
othe wise
be
eeded
to
fill
these
featu es.The
tech ical
i ovatio s
c eated
du i g
the
p oject
esulted
i
eight
atio al
desig
pate ts
i
Chi a.
The
desig
app oach
used
at
Houta
Pa k
has
si ce
bee
copied
i
20
to
30
othe
ecological
wate
pu ificatio
p ojects
ac oss
the
cou t y
as
pa t
of
wide
atio al
spo ge
city
pla i g
effo ts.
Ca bo
captu e
a d
species
ecove y
met ics
Replaci g
the
co c ete
i dust ial
ive ba k
with
livi g
wetla ds
p oduced
immediate
a d
measu able
ecological
be efits.
The
LAF
assessme t
estimates
that
the
pa k’s
de se
ecosystem,
i cludi g
wetla d
vegetatio ,
pe e ial
c ops,
a d
b oadleaf
t ees,
captu es
about
242
to s
of
ca bo
each
yea .The
cha ge
f om
a
polluted
i dust ial
site
to
a
atu al
habitat
also
led
to
a
quick
ecove y
of
local
pla ts
a d
a imals.
E vi o me tal
su veys
eco ded
93
pla t
species
a d
mo e
tha
200
a imal
species
ac oss
the
site.
The
pa k
ow
acts
as
a
ecological
co ido
alo g
the
ive f o t,
p ovidi g
esti g
a eas
fo
bi ds
a d
aquatic
habitat
fo
fish
species
that
had
disappea ed
f om
this
sectio
of
the
ive ba k
du i g
its
i dust ial
pe iod.The
co st uctio
p ocess
also
followed
low-ca bo
p i ciples.
I stead
of
emovi g
all
existi g
st uctu es
a d
se di g
the
deb is
to
la dfills,
the
desig
team
kept
impo ta t
pa ts
of
the
site’s
i dust ial
histo y.
Wo ke s
ecove ed
37
to s
of
st uctu al
steel
f om
fo me
facto y
buildi gs
a d
about
34,000
post-i dust ial
b icks
fou d
ac oss
the
site.
These
mate ials
we e
clea ed,
eshaped,
a d
eused
i
pedest ia
paths,
shade
st uctu es,
te aced
seati g,
a d
pa k
pavilio s.
This
o -site
ecycli g
app oach
educed
co st uctio
waste
a d
saved
a
estimated
$17,300
i
buildi g
costs.
U ba
flood
p otectio
a d
public
access
The
site
was
also
desig ed
to
educe
u ba
flood
isk
while
t eati g
polluted
wate .
Sha ghai
egula ly
faces
typhoo -seaso
sto m
su ges
a d
isi g
sea
levels
i
the
Ya gtze
Rive
Delta.
T aditio al
flood
p otectio
ofte
depe ds
o
tall
co c ete
seawalls
that
sepa ate
people
f om
the
ive f o t.Tu e scape
emoved
the
existi g
co c ete
floodwall
a d
eplaced
it
with
a
te aced
emba kme t
pla ted
with
ative
wetla d
species.
Du i g
sto m
su ges
o
high
tides,
the
lowe
te aces
ca
atu ally
flood
without
damagi g
pa k
facilities
o
ea by
buildi gs.
The
soil
laye s
a d
pla t
oots
abso b
excess
wate ,
helpi g
educe
p essu e
o
mu icipal
sto m
d ai s
du i g
heavy
ai fall.Pedest ia
paths,
aised
boa dwalks,
a d
seati g
a eas
a e
positio ed
above
the
flood
li e,
allowi g
visito s
to
each
the
wate ’s
edge
eve
whe
ive
levels
cha ge.
Ag icultu al
featu es,
i cludi g
seaso al
fields
of
wheat
a d
su flowe s,
we e
added
to
the
uppe
te aces
to
co ect
city
eside ts
with
egio al
fa mi g
t aditio s.By
combi i g
flood
p otectio ,
wate
filt atio ,
i dust ial
he itage
p ese vatio ,
a d
public
ec eatio al
space
i
o e
desig ,
the
p oject
c eated
a
model
fo
co ve ti g
polluted
i dust ial
sites
i to
useful
public
spaces
i
de se
cities.
